Evropske emigracije

Evropska emigracije se mogu defnisati kao nadolazeći talas emigracije s evropskog kontinenta na druge kontinente. Porijeklo različitih evropskih dijaspora ^[1] može se pratiti od ljudi koji su napustili evropske nacionalne države ili etničke zajednice bez države na evropskom kontinentu.^[2]

Od 1815. do 1932. godine 60 milioni ljudi je napustilo Evropu (dok se i mnogo njih vratilo kući), prvenstveno su otišli u "područja naseljena Evropljanima" u Americi, posebno u Sjedinjene Američke Države, Kanadu, Brazil, Čile, Argentinu i Urugvaj,^[2] a zatim i Južnu Afriku, Australiju,^[3] Novi Zeland i Sibir. Ove populacije su se također brzo umnožile u novim mjestima stanovanja, mnogo više nego je to slučaj sa populacijom iz Afrike i Azije. Kao rezultat toga, uoči Prvog svjetskog rata, 38% ukupnog svjetskog stanovništva bilo je evropskog porijekla.^[4] Najviše evropskih imigranata dolazi iz Njemačke, Irske, Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva, Italije, Španije, Portugala, Nizozemske, Francuske i Rusije .

Danas se evropska emigracija može odnositi i na emigraciju iz jedne evropske zemlje u drugu, posebno u kontekstu unutrašnje mobilnosti unutar Evropske unije (intra-EU mobility) ili mobilnosti unutar Evroazijske unije .

Od 1500. do sredine 20. vijeka, 60-65 miliona ljudi napustilo je Evropu, od čega je manje od 5% otišlo u tropska područja (Karibi, Azija i Afrika).^[5]

^ The use of the term "diaspora" in reference to people of European national or ethnic origins is contested and debated- Diaspora and transnationalism : concepts, theories and methods. Bauböck, Rainer., Faist, Thomas, 1959-. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. 2010. ISBN 9789089642387. OCLC 657637171.CS1 održavanje: others (link)
^ ^a ^b "To Make America": European Emigration in the Early Modern Period edited by Ida Altman, James P. P. Horn (Page: 3 onwards)
^ De Lazzari, Chiara; Bruno Mascitelli (2016). "Migrant "Assimilation" in Australia: The Adult Migrant English Program from 1947 to 1971". u Bruno Mascitelli; Sonia Mycak; Gerardo Papalia (ured.). The European Diaspora in Australia: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. str. 203. ISBN 978-1-4438-9419-7. Pristupljeno 28. 2. 2017.
^ "European Migration and Imperialism". historydoctor.net. Arhivirano s originala, 22. 11. 2010. Pristupljeno 14. 9. 2013. The population of Europe entered its third and decisive stage in the early eighteenth century. Birthrates declined, but death rates also declined as the standard of living and advances in medical science provided for longer life spans. The population of Europe including Russia more than doubled from 188 million in 1800 to 432 million in 1900. From 1815 through 1932, sixty million people left Europe, primarily to "areas of European settlement," in North and South America, Australia, New Zealand and Siberia. These populations also multiplied rapidly in their new habitat; much more so than the populations of Africa and Asia. As a result, on the eve of World War I (1914), 38 percent of the world's total population was of European ancestry. This growth in population provided further impetus for European expansion, and became the driving force behind emigration. Rising populations put pressure on land, and land hunger and led to "land hunger." Millions of people went abroad in search of work or economic opportunity. The Irish, who left for America during the great Potato famine, were an extreme but not unique example. Ultimately, one third of all European migrants came from the British Isles between 1840 and 1920. Italians also migrated in large numbers because of poor economic conditions in their home country. German migration also was steady until industrial conditions in Germany improved when the wave of migration slowed. Less than one half of all migrants went to the United States, although it absorbed the largest number of European migrants. Others went to Asiatic Russia, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, Australia and New Zealand.
^ Pour une approche démographique de l'expansion coloniale de l'Europe Bouda Etemad Dans Annales de démographie historique 2007/1 (n° 113), pages 13 à 32

[1] The use of the term "diaspora" in reference to people of European national or ethnic origins is contested and debated- Diaspora and transnationalism : concepts, theories and methods. Bauböck, Rainer., Faist, Thomas, 1959-. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. 2010. ISBN 9789089642387. OCLC 657637171.CS1 održavanje: others (link)

[books.google.co.uk-2] "To Make America": European Emigration in the Early Modern Period edited by Ida Altman, James P. P. Horn (Page: 3 onwards)

[MascitelliMycak2016-3] De Lazzari, Chiara; Bruno Mascitelli (2016). "Migrant "Assimilation" in Australia: The Adult Migrant English Program from 1947 to 1971". u Bruno Mascitelli; Sonia Mycak; Gerardo Papalia (ured.). The European Diaspora in Australia: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. str. 203. ISBN 978-1-4438-9419-7. Pristupljeno 28. 2. 2017.

[European_Migration-4] "European Migration and Imperialism". historydoctor.net. Arhivirano s originala, 22. 11. 2010. Pristupljeno 14. 9. 2013. The population of Europe entered its third and decisive stage in the early eighteenth century. Birthrates declined, but death rates also declined as the standard of living and advances in medical science provided for longer life spans. The population of Europe including Russia more than doubled from 188 million in 1800 to 432 million in 1900. From 1815 through 1932, sixty million people left Europe, primarily to "areas of European settlement," in North and South America, Australia, New Zealand and Siberia. These populations also multiplied rapidly in their new habitat; much more so than the populations of Africa and Asia. As a result, on the eve of World War I (1914), 38 percent of the world's total population was of European ancestry. This growth in population provided further impetus for European expansion, and became the driving force behind emigration. Rising populations put pressure on land, and land hunger and led to "land hunger." Millions of people went abroad in search of work or economic opportunity. The Irish, who left for America during the great Potato famine, were an extreme but not unique example. Ultimately, one third of all European migrants came from the British Isles between 1840 and 1920. Italians also migrated in large numbers because of poor economic conditions in their home country. German migration also was steady until industrial conditions in Germany improved when the wave of migration slowed. Less than one half of all migrants went to the United States, although it absorbed the largest number of European migrants. Others went to Asiatic Russia, Canada, Argentina, Brazil, Australia and New Zealand.

[5] Pour une approche démographique de l'expansion coloniale de l'Europe Bouda Etemad Dans Annales de démographie historique 2007/1 (n° 113), pages 13 à 32

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